The photovoltaic performance of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS)-based solar cells with Cd-free single buffer layers and a barium disulfide (BaSi2) back-surface field (BSF) has been studied through a numerical approach using a one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). The efficacy of the buffer layer of cadmium sulfide (CdS) via FTO/CdS/CIGS/BaSi2/Mo heterost... https://thecookiecountesses.shop/product-category/gift-set/